A károsult, azaz a kárt elszenvedett személy/fél angolul aggrieved/injured/damaged person/party szó szerint, azaz the person who suffered loss/damage/injury (nemrég volt kérdés itt a "kárt elszenved" - "suffer injury"). Biztosítási dokumentációban azonban ezt a személyt leggyakrabban a "claimant" megnevezéssel illetjük, ami szó szerint "kárigénylő" (a szótárakban is így szerepel). A kárigény claim for damages vagy damage claim.

"Katrina Claimants Not Covered for Flood Damage
In a closely watched court case in Mississippi, a federal judge rules that a couple cannot collect damages from Hurricane Katrina's storm surge because their insurance policy excludes flood damage. The ruling could set a precedent for thousands of other cases."
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5652694

"When a claim is first reported to the agent by the policyholder, the agent must explain to the policyholder that an approved claims adjuster will be assigned to estimate the damage as the first step. The claims adjuster will be calling within 24 to 48 hours to set up an appointment for an on-site inspection of the damage. It is important that no promises be made in respect to the adjuster visiting the claimant within 24 hours."
https://www.myceisonline.com/course/course.php?course=Nation...

"Nationwide, only 20% of American homes at risk for floods are covered by flood insurance. Private insurers are unable to insure against the peril of flood due to the prevalence of adverse selection, which is the purchase of insurance by persons most affected by the specific peril of flood. In traditional insurance, insurers use the economic law of large numbers to charge a relatively small fee to large numbers of people in order to pay the claims of the small numbers of claimants who have suffered a loss. Unfortunately, in flood insurance, the numbers of claimants is larger than the available number of persons interested in protecting their property from the peril, which means that insurers are unable to cover their costs in flood insurance."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_insurance