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English to Spanish: Rheumatoid arthritis - Artritis reumatoide
Source text - English Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease which targets synovial joints, and is often accompanied by an array of extra-articular manifestations. Its prevalence is estimated at 0.8 - 1.0% of adults [1], and the disease continues to cause significant morbidity and premature mortality [2]. Landré Beauvois provided the first good clinical description of rheumatoid arthrits in 1800, yet despite significant gains in knowledge of the immunopathology, the exact aetiology of RA remains uncertain. Immunopathogenesis of RA is multifactorial. Evidence suggests that interaction between an unknown exogenous or endogenous antigen via antigen presenting cells and CD4+ T helper cells are involved in the induction of immune response in RA. Subsequent recruitment and activation of monocytes and macrophages occurs with secretion of pr-inflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-alpha and IL-1 into the synovial cavity. Release of these cytokines mediates tissue destruction by activation of chondrocytes and fibroblasts which release collagenases and metalloproteinases with resultant cartilage loss and bone erosion. B lymphocyte dysregulation with production of rheumatoid factor and other autoantibodies, formation of immune complexes and release of destructive mediators also contribute to this proces (Fig, 1). A more prominent role for B cells in RA pathogenesis is being increasingly accepted and will be further addressed in relation to B cell depletion therapy. Advancements in understanding of these mechanisms have facilitated the development of many new biological modifiers, which form the basis of this review.
Translation - Spanish La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica y sistémica, la cual ataca las articulaciones sinoviales y a menudo se acompaña de una serie de manifestaciones extra-articulares. Se estima que su prevalencia en los adultos es de 0,8 a 1,0% [1] y la enfermedad continúa causando morbilidad significativa y mortalidad prematura [2]. Landré Beauvois proporcionó la primera buena descripción clínica de la AR en 1800; sin embargo, a pesar de lo mucho que se ha aprendido sobre la inmunopatología de la enfermedad, todavía no se conoce su etiología con precisión. La inmunopatogénesis de la AR es multifactorial. La evidencia sugiere que en la inducción de la respuesta inmunológica de la AR se encuentra presente una interacción entre un antígeno exógeno o endógeno desconocido, por la vía de una célula presentadora de antígenos, y las células ayudadoras T CD4+. Luego ocurre el reclutamiento y la activación de monocitos y macrófagos en la cavidad sinovial y la secreción de citoquinas proinflamatorias, en particular, el TNF- y la IL-1. La liberación de estas citoquinas media la destrucción tisular a través de la activación de condrocitos y fibroblastos, los cuales liberan colagenasas y metaloproteinasas con la resultante pérdida de cartílago y erosión ósea. La alteración de la regulación de los linfocitos B, con la producción del factor reumatoide y otros autoanticuerpos, la formación de complejos inmunológicos y la mediación de mediadores destructivos también contribuye al proceso (Figura 1). El papel que se le concede a las células B en la patogénesis de la AR es cada vez más prominente y más adelante nos ocuparemos de él en relación con el tratamiento para disminuir las células B. Los avances en la comprensión de estos mecanismos han facilitado el desarrollo de muchos nuevos modificadores biológicos, los cuales constituyen las bases de esta revisión.
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Other - MD. Infectious Diseases Specialist. UCV Venezuela
Experience
Years of experience: 28. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2005.
A doctor with 31 years of clinical experience working over the last 12 years as a freelance translator from English into Spanish for Pharmaceutical Companies, such as Merck Sharp & Dohm, Bristol Myers - Squib, Laboratorios Wyeth S.A., Productos Roche, Novartis, and Alcon Pharmaceutical C.A., among others (1995 up to date).
Translation of chapters of the following books: MRI of musculoskeletal system, Lippincott Williams & Wilkinson; Master techniques in orthopedic surgery: Hip, RL Barrack y AG Rosenberg; Fractures, Donald A Wiss; Green's operative hand surgery; Retina, Stephen J Ryan.
I consider myself experienced and knowledgeable in the following fields:
General and specialized medical terminology
Pharmacology terminology
Pharmaceutical industry technical terminology
Publications-1>
- Pla MP, Bustamante C, Camba I: Survey on usage of antimicrobial agents in a Caracas hospital. A.P.U.A. News Letter 1983;1 3.
- O'Brien TF, Pla MP, Mayer KH, Kishi H, et al: Intercontinental spread of a new antibiotic resistance gene on a epidemic plasmid. Science 1985;230:87 8.
- Hopkins JD, Flores A, Pla MP, Lester S, O'Brien TF. Nosocomial spread of an amikacin resistance gene on both a mobilized, nonconjugated plasmid and a conjugative plasmid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991;35:1605 1611.
- Pla MP, Berenguer J, Arzuaga JA, Bañares R, Polo JR, Bouza E. Surgical wound infection by Aspergillus fumigatus in liver transplant recipients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1992;15:703 706.
- Pla MP, Hartung C, Mendoza P, Stukanoff A, Moreno MJ. Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis: Case reports and review. Mycopathologia 1994;127:139-144
Abstracts+1>
- Mayer KH, Pla MP, Hopkins ES, Gilleece H, et al.: Detection of a stable widespread gentamicin resistance plasmid by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. 24th ICAAC. Oct 1984; Abstract #511, pag 183.
- Lester SC, Pla MP, Pérez I, Wang F et al: Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli of healthy children in the United States, Venezuela and China. 27th ICAAC 1987; Abstract #1029, pag 276.
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